Watson-Stokes’ only witness was Kathleen Frost, 29, who described Pugh, also 28, as “a good friend” who had moved in with her and her four children five months before the fire. Frost at first testified that she wasn’t at home at the time of the 10:40 p.m. Blaze, but then confirmed her Aug. 14 statement to homicide detectives. Questioned by Watson-Stokes, Frost said she told detectives that Pugh entered the house, “grabbed the lighter fluid, and said he was going across the street.

He was just mad, because he was tired of the crackheads living there.” “He said he was going to light the house on fire,” Frost’s statement read. Frost testified Wednesday that Pugh returned to her home and that she noticed that the blinds across the street were on fire. She said Pugh went back and led a blind woman out of the rowhouse adjacent to the one on fire. Frost said she then saw neighbor Derrick “Old G” Alexander jump from a second-floor window of the burning house. Questioned by defense attorney James A.

Lammendola, Frost again tried to take back her statement, saying she gave the statement only because detectives “threatened me with my kids” and with charging her with conspiracy. After the preliminary hearing, Shuter ordered Pugh held for trial on charges of murder, arson, causing a catastrophe, reckless endangerment, and a weapons count for the lighter fluid. Pugh, who is being held without bail, was escorted from court blowing kisses to family and friends in the gallery. Court records show that Pugh has been arrested seven times dating to 2007 and convicted four times on charges ranging from harassment and criminal mischief to burglary and drug-dealing.

Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • Signs and symptoms [ ] Cocaine is a powerful stimulant known to make users feel energetic, happy, talkative, etc. In time, negative side effects include increased body temperature,, high blood pressure, increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and even. Many habitual abusers develop a transient, manic-like condition similar to and, whose symptoms include aggression, severe paranoia, restlessness, confusion and tactile hallucinations; which can include the feeling of insects under the skin (), also known as 'coke bugs', during binges. Users of cocaine have also reported having thoughts of, unusual weight loss, trouble maintaining relationships, and an unhealthy, pale appearance. Withdrawal symptoms [ ] After using cocaine on a regular basis, some users will become addicted. When the drug is discontinued immediately, the user will experience what has come to be known as a 'crash' along with a number of other cocaine withdrawal symptoms, including,, exhaustion,, itching, mood swings, irritability, fatigue,, an intense craving for more cocaine, and in some cases nausea and vomiting. Some cocaine users also report having similar symptoms to patients and feel that their mind is lost.

Jan 20, 2011 1996 GO - 10:1 CR 4.0, P&P 98TM heads, 422 Cam, BBK 66mm TB, FMS 30-lbs Injectors -3.73 & Trac Loc - Caltrac Traction Bars - 5sp swap with hurst shifter - SN95 rear.

Some users also report formication: a feeling of a crawling sensation on the skin also known as 'coke bugs'. These symptoms can last for weeks or, in some cases, months. Even after most withdrawal symptoms dissipate most users feel the need to continue using the drug; this feeling can last for years and may peak during times of stress. About 30–40% of individuals with cocaine dependence will turn to other substances such as medication and alcohol after giving up cocaine. There are various medications on the market to ease cocaine withdrawal symptoms.

Risk [ ] A study consisting of 1,081 U.S. Residents who had first used within the previous 24 months was conducted. It was found that the risk of becoming on within two years of first use was 5–6%. The risk of becoming dependent within 10 years of first use increased to 15–16%.

These were the aggregate rates for all types of use considered, such as smoking, snorting, and injecting. Texekutyun Kakashi Masina. Among recent-onset users individual rates of dependency were higher for smoking (3.4 times) and much higher for injecting. Women were 3.3 times more likely to become dependent, compared with men. Users who started at ages 12 or 13 were four times as likely to become dependent compared to those who started between ages 18 and 20.

However, a study of non-deviant users in Amsterdam found a 'relative absence of destructive and compulsive use patterns over a ten year period' and concluded that cocaine users can and do exercise control. 'Our respondents applied two basic types of controls to themselves: 1) restricting use to certain situations and to emotional states in which cocaine's effects would be most positive, and 2) limiting mode of ingestion to snorting of modest amounts of cocaine, staying below 2.5 grams a week for some, and below 0.5 grams a week for most.

Nevertheless, those whose use level exceeded 2.5 grams a week all returned to lower levels'. Treatment [ ] Therapy [ ] such as (modeled on ) have been widely used to help those with cocaine addiction. (CBT) combined with (MT) have proven to be more helpful than 12 step programs in treating cocaine dependency.

However, both these approaches have a fairly low success rate. Other non-pharmacological treatments such as acupuncture and hypnosis have been explored, but without conclusive results. Medications [ ] Numerous medications have been investigated for use in cocaine dependence, but as of 2015, none of them were considered to be effective., such as,,, and, do not appear to be effective as treatment.

Limited evidence suggests that are also ineffective for treatment of cocaine dependence. Few studies have examined (a novel ) for cocaine dependence; however, trials performed thus far have not shown it to be an effective form of treatment for this purpose. The (NIDA) of the U.S. Is researching, a narcolepsy drug and mild stimulant, as a potential cocaine treatment. Has been under investigation as a treatment for cocaine dependency and is used in clinics in Mexico, the Netherlands and Canada, but cannot be used legally in the United States.

[ ] Other medications that have been investigated for this purpose include,, and. Medications, such as, have been used to cause an 'aversion reaction' when administered with cocaine. Epidemiology [ ] In the United States, cocaine use results in about 5,000–6,000 Research [ ] has been working for years on a vaccination that would treat cocaine use disorders by limiting its rewarding effects. (TMS) is being studied as a treatment for cocaine addiction. So far studies have been undertaken by,, and Mexican National Institute of Psychiatry.

See also [ ] • - a dopamine D3 receptor antagonist, used in the study of cocaine addiction. Where cocaine reduces the threshold for brain electrical self-stimulation in rats, an indication of cocaine's rewarding effects, SB-277011-A completely reverses this effect.

• • Walsh, Karen (October 2010).. • ^ LeVert, Suzanne (2006). Drugs: The Facts About Cocaine. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark. • Gawin, F.H.

'Cocaine addiction: Psychology and neurophysiology'.. 251 (5001): 1580–6....

• Tierney, John.. New York Times. Retrieved 16 September 2013. • Wagner, FA (2002), 'From first drug use to drug dependence; developmental periods of risk for dependence upon marijuana, cocaine, and alcohol', Neuropsychopharmacology, American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 26: 479–88,:, • O'Brien MS, Anthony JC; Anthony (2005).. 30 (5): 1006–1018...

• Cohen, Peter; Sas, Arjan (1994).. Addiction Research, Vol.

17 January 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2012.

• Margolin, Arthur; et al. (2 January 2002).. The Journal of the American Medical Association. • Otto, Katharine C.; Quinn, Colin; Sung, Yung-Fong (Spring 1998). 'Auricular acupuncture as an adjunctive treatment for cocaine addiction: A pilot study'. The American Journal on Addictions. 7 (2): 164–170...

• Page, R.A.; Handleya, G.W. 'The use of hypnosis in cocaine addiction'.

American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 36 (2): 120–123... • Potter, Greg (2004). 'Intensive therapy: Utilizing hypnosis in the treatment of substance abuse disorders'. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 47 (1): 21–28... • ^ Minozzi, S; Cinquini, M; Amato, L; Davoli, M; Farrell, MF; Pani, PP; Vecchi, S (April 2015).

'Anticonvulsants for cocaine dependence'. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis). 17 (4): CD006754...

• Singh, M; Keer, D; Klimas, J; Wood, E; Werb, D (August 2016). 'Topiramate for cocaine dependence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials'. Addiction (Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis).

111 (8): 1337–46... • Indave, BI; Minozzi, S; Pani, PP; Amato, L (March 2016). 'Antipsychotic medications for cocaine dependence'. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis). 3: CD006306...

• Mariani, JJ; Levin, FR (June 2012).. Psychiatric Clinics of North America (Review).

35 (2): 425–39.... • Karila L, Gorelick D, Weinstein A, et al. 11 (3): 425–38... • Cherstniakova SA, Bi D, Fuller DR, Mojsiak JZ, Collins JM, Cantilena LR; Bi; Fuller; Mojsiak; Collins; Cantilena (September 2001).. 29 (9): 1216–20.. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list () •.

Satendra Singh et al. PubMed; Chemical Reviews (Impact Factor: 45.66). 04/2000; 100(3):925-1024 American Chemical Society; 2000, ChemInform; May, 16th 2000, Volume 31, Issue 20, DOI: 10.1002/chin.200020238. Center for Disease Control. • Douglas Quenqua (3 October 2011)... 17 January 2008. Retrieved 11 September 2008.

• Wadman, Meredith (29 August 2017).... Retrieved 1 September 2017. Reference notes [ ].

After two years of being homeless, Sophie Bosket and her children have their own apartment now. And though the walls of the city-owned Harlem tenement are crumbling, rats roam the courtyard and strangers smoke crack in the hallway, Ms. Bosket says it is a vast improvement over their last residence - one room at the Martinique Hotel.

Bosket, who is 25 years old, and four of her children are part of a dramatic movement of people out of the welfare hotels that had become a national symbol of New York City's failure to give homeless families safe and decent shelter. 'A Major Step' If the city succeeds in the plan it undertook last summer after it was threatened with losing $70 million in Federal aid, it will have shut down all 47 hotels by next July and have relocated 3,300 families to permanent apartments or small transitional shelters. So far, 1,300 families have left the hotels, hundreds of them moving into apartments the city took from delinquent landlords and renovated. Advocates for the homeless and social workers have praised the change. 'These families are going back to grinding, abject poverty - which is a tremendous improvement over the welfare hotels,' said Robert M. Hayes, director of the Coalition for the Homeless. 'Housing is a first step.

But it's a major step.' ' But the relocation is more complicated than simply switching families from one place to another. Since landlords rarely abandon buildings in thriving neighborhoods, most of the apartments being renovated are in the South Bronx, Harlem and East New York. Advocates for the homeless, social workers and even city officials warn that the families moving there, already traumatized by hotel life, must now contend with new problems: deteriorated buildings, widespread drug use, poor schools, and a shortage of everything from grocery stores to day care. In some cases, the families had better access to social services before. Social workers were assigned to the hotels. The Martinique had its own day-care center.

In the hotels, many of them in midtown Manhattan, the homeless were very visible. Lawyers sued on their behalf. Congressional panels held hearings on their plight. Scrutiny by reporters was unrelenting. 'These are poor people, and they're essentially going back to the poor neighborhoods where they came from,' said William R. Grinker, the commissioner of the Human Resources Administration, which is overseeing the relocation.

'The real question is: How much concern will be left after the hotels are emptied and nobody can see the families any more? They're visible in midtown Manhattan. But you don't see them in the South Bronx, Bushwick, East New York and East Harlem.'

' School District in Disarray Those neighborhoods are just the ones least able to cope with the sudden influx of families. In the South Bronx, where hundreds of families have already been moved to renovated apartments, 1,000 apartments are now under construction on a single site - 30 percent of them reserved for the homeless. By next March, 631 children from welfare hotels will be going to school in District 9, which was taken over by trustees last winter amid allegations of corruption and drug abuse among its educators. The district's reading scores are among the lowest in the city. Robin Willner, the deputy executive director of Interface, a private social work organization, is helping school officials plan for next year. 'The district is in total disarray,' she said. 'But that's where the land is, and that's where they're building apartments.'

' For many families, decent housing is enough to begin rebuilding their lives. But many of the hotel families suffer from problems like drug abuse, an inability to manage their lives, and children with severe learning disablities. They will need intensive help to keep from becoming homeless again, social workers say.

Martinique First to Close The Martinique, the city's most notorious welfare hotel, was the first to close its doors to homeless families last winter. Of the 448 families sheltered there, 200 moved to city-renovated apartments; 140 were given rooms in 'transitional' shelters - privately run ones that hold as few as 12 families and provide help finding new housing; 40 found apartments in housing projects. Another 68 made their own arrangements. Some families moved into buildings that had been renovated from top to bottom.

But most, like Ms. Bosket, went to buildings where a few apartments were renovated only for the homeless. They are resented by longtime tenants who have been trying to get major repairs for years.

'The families that are already there say, 'Why don't we get what they're getting?' ' said Catie Marshall, a spokeswoman for the city's Department of Housing Preservation and Development. Eventually, she said, all the H.P.D. Apartments will be renovated.

But the work could take years. Even the renovated apartments often have substantial problems. One family who moved from the Martinique to Harlem last fall said they waited nearly two months to get a toilet fixed. For much of last winter, broken heat controls left their apartment unbearably hot. Falling Ceilings Steven Banks, a lawyer for the Legal Aid Society's Homeless Family Rights Project, said his unit is working with 12 families in H.P.D.

Apartments with falling ceilings, persistent water leaks, infestations of rats, problems with heat, gas and electricity. Marshall said the agency's workers are doing everything they can. Ken Walters, who runs the Hudson Guild's displaced families program, said that 75 percent of the 45 former Martinique families the guild is helping see severe drug problems in or just outside their buildings. Each family has a different story of life since the welfare hotels.

But the people who generally seem to do best are those who are the most assertive. They are often able to hold out for the best H.P.D. Apartments - or, if they are eligible, for housing projects.

'Most Dysfunctional Families' 'Those families in the worst buildings are the most dysfunctional,' Mr. Walters said. Bosket was not defeated by the Martinique Hotel, and she has not been defeated by 47-49 West 129th Street.

'I love people, and I can't see them living like this,' Ms. Bosket said recently as she climbed the six flights of broken stairs, stopping in eight apartments to point out crumbling walls, leaks and exposed wiring. Bosket's newly renovated apartment is one of the best in the building. But she still spends much of her time badgering the housing department for repairs. 'Sophie is a very strong woman,' said Theodora Diggs, her caseworker from the Hudson Guild.

'The Others Were Garbage' 'This building has problems and has suffered - but not from neglect,' Ms. Marshall said. She said a new plumbing system will be installed soon. Since a new building manager took over a month ago, Ms. Bosket said, repairs are slowly being made.

Like other parents, Ms. Bosket was taken by a social services van to visit available apartments. She was told that if she turned down three apartments deemed suitable for her family - and 47-49 West 129th Street was judged suitable by social workers -she would be sent to another shelter. 'The other apartments were garbage,' she said. Bosket grew up in a housing project in Queens. She dropped out of school in the 11th grade when she became pregnant. She said she became homeless nearly two years ago when the owner of the house where her family lived lost his property because of financial problems.

Nine Years on Waiting List 'The goal I'm hanging onto is to get a job and get off welfare,' said Ms. Bosket, who is taking a secretarial course. She and her children may soon be moving to a nicer apartment. After nine years on the waiting list for a place in a housing project, Ms. Bosket had an interview last week with the New York City Housing Authority.

City housing projects are prized because the buildings are usually more stable, repairs are regular, families can stay indefinitely and there is no chance an unscrupulous landlord will buy the building. Of all the mothers who once lived at the Martinique, Daisy Peralta considers herself one of the luckiest. Last December, she and her six children moved into a beautiful apartment in a Lower East Side housing project. Peralta, 33, who was born in the Dominican Republic and raised in Corona, Queens, had achieved her dream.

'I want to live here forever,' she said. She had refused to ride the van. Proudest of Eight Chairs 'They threatened to send me to a shelter, but I said 'no,' ' she said. 'Most of the apartments were in bad places. I was thinking about the safety of my kids.

I felt that if I got into a project, I'd have a more secure home. I had promised myself that I was not going to be homeless again.' ' There are many fine features in her four-bedroom apartment, but what she most treasures are her new dining room table and matching chairs.

She bought them with a small furniture grant allotted her upon leaving the hotel. There are eight chairs - enough so she, her children and the inevitable visitor can sit down to dinner together, as she insists they do each evening. In her two rooms at the Martinique, she and her children at first sat on the beds when they ate. 'I found a piece of wood in the garbage and put it on top of a barrel for a table,' she said.

'Then I found two chairs in the garbage. One of the workmen got me two more chairs. Then one of the managers gave me a chair, so we had five chairs. Eventually we had seven chairs. It took me almost nine months.' ' Like her neighbors, Ms. Peralta cooked on a hot plate and did her dishes in the bathroom sink.

She used to travel from the Martinique to the Lower East Side to shop. Now, the supermarket is nearby. Her children attend local schools. 'My daughter Jasmin is graduating from the sixth grade this year,' she said.

'I'm going to be there.' ' #12 in 3-Bedroom House Ms. Peralta was 17 when she left high school to get married and have her first child. Eight years ago the family returned to the Dominican Republic. After her marriage fell apart, she returned to New York with her children and moved in with her sister and her four children. The three-bedroom apartment in Flushing was badly overcrowded, and Ms.

Peralta's family eventually ended up at the Martinique. Peralta said she often felt close to despair during 14 months in the dingy Martinique room. Now, she loves being home. Each morning, after she gets her children off to school, she sits at her new table drinking coffee and listening to the radio. 'I look out and see the cars passing by,' she said.

'I think, 'This is my house.' ' Photo of Sophie Bosket with her daughter, Shatequa, in her new apartment on West 129th Street in Harlem (NYT/Sara Krulwich) (pg.